How A Charge Nurse Uses Mission Command - 1777 Words

How A Charge Nurse Uses Mission Command CDT Revels, Michael J. University of Texas at El Paso Abstract This paper discuss the how a charge nurse uses mission command on a daily basis. It discusses the responsibilities of a charge nurse as a leader and as a nurse, the definition of mission command and the mission command system, the principles of mission command, and how a charge nurse uses three of the six principles. Various articles, books, and journals were pulled in order to discuss these various topics concerning mission command and how a charge nurse utilizes its principles. How a Charge Nurse Uses Mission Command Mission command is a basic, yet complex concept used by leaders to bring their people together to complete a mission. Though it is a term coined by the military, the concept behind it is almost universal in the sense that it can be utilized within any team of people to complete a task. Those who work in a hospital environment know this better than most, and for charge nurses, utilizing the concepts of mission command is essential if they want to be an effective leader when taking charge of their floor. The responsibilities of a charge nurse must first be defined in order to completely understand how they utilize mission command to complete their tasks. A charge nurse’s primary responsibility is to manage the specific ward or floor in a hospital to which they are assigned and the many staff also assigned to that floor. ThereShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of The Primary Nursing Model733 Words   |  3 PagesIn the primary nursing model the registered nurse works autonomously as the patient’s primary care provider throughout hospitalization (Yoder-Wise, 2015). The nursing staff works along side the medical team to provide comprehensive care to patients, but it is mainly the nurse that provides direct patient care. The nurse managers on the unit spend a majority of their time on the business side of the hospital. However, when needed, they still have the competencies to provide patient care. 2) ARead MoreThe Organizational Structure Of Hoag Hospital1419 Words   |  6 Pagesincome populations at a discount or for free. Hoag is also involved in many charities and organizations to improve our local community. Examination of the Organization Hoag Hospital has a very clear mission statement which emphasizes being a not for profit, faith based hospital. Hoag’s main mission is to provide high quality healthcare services (Hoag, 2015). The philosophy of Hoag lies in its Core Values. The Core Values of Hoag Hospital are excellence, respect, integrity, patient centerednessRead MoreMedical Center : A Nurse For Almost Thirty Years Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesDuring my preceptorship in Knapp medical center I was placed with a preceptor that has been a nurse for almost thirty years and she has been in Knapp for the last fourteen years. My preceptor is currently in the Intensive Care Unit department but has worked in the Telemetry floor and Emergency Room in the past years. During the time in the Intensive Care Unit my preceptor seemed well aware of the guide lines and rules of the department and she went out of her way to explain them to me. She also madeRead MoreHuman Collective Community And Organizational Actions1 271 Words   |  6 PagesFromm is quoted pointing out the following, â€Å"The incident Command system (ICS) is used to manage both an emergency incident and a nonemergency event† (Fromm 2009, p. 330). 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Kennedy said, â€Å"Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other† (Meliniotis, 2014).1400 Words   |  6 Pagesplace daily, nurse leaders must wear different hats on a daily basis. Nurses should have certain characteristics to succeed as a leader. Nurse leaders need to be flexible and able to adapt to various circumstances that pop up. While their primary focus may be on better patient outcomes, nurse leaders must also take into account the budget, cost effectiveness, patient safety, and quality care. For managers and leaders to function at their greatest potential, it is important for nurses to developRead MoreSQuest Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagescompiling the information and findings comparing your personal strengths with your current job. Completing the StrengthsQuestâ„ ¢ Assignment StrengthsQuestâ„ ¢ is a self-assessment tool that will provide you with valuable feedback on your strengths (you will use your findings for this assignment as well as for the NU300 Professional Development Plan). Completing the StrengthsQuest should take about 45 minutes to finish. Click on this link to visit the website: StrengthsQuestâ„ ¢. (2010), Retrieved from https://wwwRead MoreMy Career Pathway And Decision Making Process Essay2024 Words   |  9 Pagesof nursing practice, nurse to patient ratio, organizational structure, analyze the nurse’s application and decision making processes, learning proper delegation to the collaborative team, conflict resolution while following the chain of command, and developmental growth opportunities and trainings. This facility has different styles of management that helps the hospital function effectively in all aspects of patient care. 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Managing Regulative Community Relationships Free Essays

The introduction of the new technology has created a massive change in the global educational system. As of the present time, the proprietary educational industry is the trend in the academic arena. As clearly mentioned, the Internet is most commonly utilized for this reason. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Regulative Community Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now Academic companies who opt to provide educational services and gain amiable profit at the same time take advantage of this opportunity that is provided by technological revolution. In fact, â€Å"proprietary colleges are considered a cost efficient mode of course delivery† (NEA, Internet). To be able to have a fine share in the educational industry, which brings the proprietary educational companies with the profit that they ought to have, the regulations for the said system are strongly imposed by the government and some organizations that control them. This is to be able to ensure that the education provided by such companies is considerably of high level, amidst the profit-centered motives that they have towards the services that they provide the students who are enrolled in their curriculum offerings. In this regard, it could be noted that the regulations created for this type or proprietary companies tend to allow the developmental measures that could be taken into consideration. By being able to further develop their systems of employment as well as their class offerings that are open to the public, they are allowed to balance both their services and their profit share in the market. In comparison with the less stringently regulated industries such as the ones found in the internet (e.g. Amazon.com), proprietary education industry is able to attract an ample amount of market share in the educational industry which in a way, helps them attain the profitable goal that they have aimed upon creating the virtual educational institutions. Among the regulations that controls the proprietary educational companies’ activities is the corporate citizenship. This is a regulation that indicates that companies that provide public service, such as education, should have â€Å"a shift from a paradigm of doing no harm as one of adopting a role for a positive good (Tuck, Internet). This means that an educational company found in the virtual world must not only see to it that they are doing no harm to their clients but they are also able to provide their ‘stakeholders’ with the ample service that they give, which refers to the positive good of the corporate missions. As a result, many students are further attracted to the system of education that virtual universities or colleges offer. Certainly, the convenience that it brings the students is highly motivational for young students or even professionals who would like to learn more to take advantage of the course offerings provided by the said type of educational provisions. However, the profit-oriented goals of the company at times redefine the service that these educational companies are providing their clients. Wanting to actually earn an amiably high amount of returns from the effort that the administrations put forward for organizing such types of institutions over the net, they are usually grabbed away from the excellent educational service that they are expected to provide their students. Hence, as a result, the financial stability that could ensure the company’s future existence in the proprietary educational industry is dimmed and less given attention. As known to many, the risks in any kind of industry changes over the years. This is why Lucy Benholz has pointed out in one of her articles that â€Å"foundations from different regions and sizes have found that building strong relationship with the policy makers when times are good will afford them some access to the resources that are further stretched on all sides†(Internet). This mainly points out the fact that as the policies and regulatory systems of the industry changes over time, it would be helpful for the companies to develop close relationships with the policy makers. This way they are able to earn for themselves an access to the provisions and resources given by the regulatory board creators to help them readjust their systems and still be able to attain the profit-centered missions of the company. If this is not considered by the administration, it could be well expected that the company would have a hard time dealing with the adjustments that has to be done and in later times, it would not be impossible for the virtual company to loose its track and be eliminated in the proprietary educational industry. BIBLIOGRAPHY Tuck, Jackie. (2005). Managing community relationships, reputation and sustaining competitive advantage. School of Business University of Ballarat. http://www.latrobe.edu.au/csrc/fact2/refereed/tuck_lowe_mccrae.pdf. (January 3, 2007). NEA Research Update. (2004). Proprietary Education: Threat, or Not? http://www2.nea.org/he/heupdate/images/vol10no4.pdf.   (January 3, 2007). Bernholz, Lucy. Managing up in down times. http://www.blueprintrd.com/text/managingup.pdf. (January 3, 2007).       How to cite Managing Regulative Community Relationships, Essay examples

Case Study of LIV Pte Ltd-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Advise Ang and Ong on the breaches of duties by each of Boon and Fong. In your answer, you are expected to advise on the remedies available for LIV Pte Ltd. 2.Ang and Ong are worried that they would be implicated by the actions of Boon and Fong. Advise each of them on whether they would be liable for the actions of their fellow directors. In your answer, you are expected to advise each of Ang and Ong on the remedies and/or defences available to each of them. 3.In a separate meeting with Wen, Yang and Zhao, advise them on their rights and courses of actions available to them based on their concerns. Answers: 1.The Corporation codifies fiduciary duties of the director, which includes the directors and the executive directors. An officer who holds a fiduciary position is the duty of loyalty and care. The duty of loyalty for the officer to have good faith and benefit of the company in order to avoid any argument conflict between the company and the affairs. This duty requires revealing the information relating to the company to receive the position. An officer did not act in good faith and neither acted in prejudice to the company[1]. The above case is related to a listed company LIV Pte Ltd which is a startup company and it provides software and website solution in the area of Singapore and in Asia. There are four directors in the company named Ang, Boon, Fong , Ong having 0%, 50%, 25% and 10% shareholding respectively. There are two fundamental principles as regards the position of directors. First they are trustees of the company`s money and property in the sense that they must account for all the company`s money and property over which they exercise control and must refund to the company any money or property which they have improperly paid away. A example of a case where the purchase by the second respondent of the yacht,Berjaya Malaysia, was misused of the company`s funds and the moneys which he paid out or for which he had himself reimbursed from the company`s funds in respect of the donations to the Sarawak Chinese Association and SNAP were improperly paid away. The second respondent should therefore take overBerjaya Malaysiaand pay to the company all the money spent on it and pay the company the amount of the donations paid to the political parties As per the rule inFoss v Harbottle(1843) 67 ER 189 did not preclude the appellant from taking action as the acts complained of in this case constituted a fraud in the minority of the shareholders and quite apart from the question of fraud the rule is no bar to an individual shareholder making an application to the court. The above case relates to a situation where both the directors Ang and Ong received whistleblower letter from the shareholders or any authority claiming that the affairs of the company are conducted in a manner, which is corrupted and fraudulent. The crime or wrongdoing could be in the form of fraud, deceiving employees, corruptions, or any other act, which misleads people. It lays down the complete framework to investigate alleged cases of wrongdoing. The whistle blowers letter lays down and uncovered the matters where the directors has to investigate the following issues which relates to the investigation. Situation I. Boon, one of the directors has commenced an act, which relates to a case where he being the director has authorized a loan to Bean Pte Ltd, which amounted to $ 500,000 to an unrelated company, but later it was found that Boons brother owned the company. This transaction is treated as a related party transaction. As per the Corporation Act, a company cannot directly or indirectly provide loan or book debts to any person or the directors to whom the directors of the lending company are directly or indirectly related or interested. The remedies available to the company are that the company can sue the officers or directors of the company. If any of the directors of the company violates the provisions of the Act then they shall liable for severe penalty along with the company[2]. Any transaction made by the director which is not of arms length price shall be shall be treated as invalid. The director Boon in the above case authorized the loans amounting $ 500000 to another unrelated party but it was found that Bean Pte Ltd is a wholly owned company of Boon brother therefore it attracts the provision of related party transaction [3]. On the other hand, LIV Pte Ltd acquired a company, which is an advertising company and was acquired at a stake value, which is 35% above market value, and Pong held a stake of 50% in the acquisition. Therefore, it attracts the provision of related party transaction[4]. 2.Ang and Ong worried if the application and the doing of the directors Boon and Fong are not correct and then the directors will liable for penalty. If the directors are not involved and is not liable for the actions of the defaults .The directors who are severally liable and is involved in the whole issue shall be severally be given to penalty and will be punishable. If they prove they were not involved in the whole issue and they were not guilty and was not present during the default then they will not be held liable for the mistakes[5]. The defenses and the remedies, which were available to both the directors, are not available for the work and then the directors were noted about the acquisition after it was done. They were notified about the case after both the directors completed the acquisition. The defenses, which they can apply, are that they can apply to the company that they were not at all involved in the case so that the person is not having any problem[6]. 3.In the separate meeting of the, shareholders Wen, Yang and Zhao, it was discussed they had the issue that they were unhappy with the business transactionand how the whole plan is been conducted thus they applied to the company that acquisition was a matter that should be discussed with the shareholders of the company. It requires the resolution of the shareholders of the company by way of a special resolution and then the acquisition should have been made. Three of the shareholders complained that they did not call meeting for the shareholders, the acquisition was done by way of not informing them, the managing director had incurred debts, they went into bankruptcy and therefore hey worried about the conditions o the company, and then they were involved with the whole case[7]. They were worried about the prospects of the company that the company believed that they propose to remove the directors of the company for the general meeting. The shareholders have the rights to apply to the company therefore; they can apply to the company so that their rights and actions can be taken so that their concerns are resolved. The shareholders have the right to apply to the based on the actions to the court of company laws[8]. References Coffee Jr, John C., Hillary Sale, and M. Todd Henderson. "Securities regulation: Cases and materials."(2015). McQueen, Rob.A Social History of Company Law: Great Britain and the Australian Colonies 18541920.Routledge,2016. Subedi, Surya P.International investment law: reconciling policy and principle. Bloomsbury Publishing,2016. Fooks, Gary, and Anna B. Gilmore. "International trade law, plain packaging and tobacco industry political activity: the Trans-Pacific Partnership."Tobacco control23.1 (2014): e1-e1. Grant, Robert M.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Sornarajah, Muthucumaraswamy.The international law on foreign investment. Cambridge universitypress,2017 Coffee Jr, John C., Hillary Sale, and M. Todd Henderson. "Securities regulation: Cases and materials."(2015). Coffee Jr, John C., Hillary Sale, and M. Todd Henderson. "Securities regulation: Cases and materials."(2015). McQueen, Rob.A Social History of Company Law: Great Britain and the Australian Colonies 18541920.Routledge,2016. McQueen, Rob.A Social History of Company Law: Great Britain and the Australian Colonies 18541920.Routledge,2016. Subedi, Surya P.International investment law: reconciling policy and principle. Bloomsbury Publishing,2016. Fooks, Gary, and Anna B. Gilmore. "International trade law, plain packaging and tobacco industry political activity: the Trans-Pacific Partnership."Tobacco control23.1 (2014): e1-e1. Grant, Robert M.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Sornarajah, Muthucumaraswamy.The international law on foreign investment. Cambridge universitypress,2017.

Scarlet Letter Book Report free essay sample

He has disguised himself as a physician and asks Hester not to reveal his true identity. His plan is to find Pearl’s father and seek his revenge. He uses the name Roger Chillingworth. Chillingworth soon figures out that the father is the minister, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and he torments Dimmesdale’s mind and soul for the next seven years. The Minister is too afraid to confess his sin publicly, but he cannot take the guilt any longer. Finally Hester sees what Chillingworth has done to Arthur, she reveals Chillingworth’s true identity to Arthur, and the two plan to run away together. Although the two planned to run away together, Dimmesdale could not go through with it and finally confesses his sin to the town on the scaffold, shortly after he dies. Chillingworth dies not even a year later, and he gives all his fortune to Pearl. When Hester died she was buried next to Dimmesdale, where they shared the same tombstone. We will write a custom essay sample on Scarlet Letter Book Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For the most part, â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† is not historically accurate. However, it is a realistic portrayal of Puritan society. Puritans came to America to avoid the corruption and the Church of England. They used a system of discipline based on the Bible’s law. Hester’s public punishment was actually practiced during this time period. Hawthorne also accurately depicts the political structure of the Puritan society. Puritan towns used a system of rule by a governor. Overall, Hawthorne successfully depicted the Puritan society. He correctly depicted their emphasis on Biblical law and how the punish all transgression. He may have misrepresented the legal system at the time, but his use of the Puritan society was mostly accurate.

Free Essays on Anton Chekhov

Anton Chekhov’s early life and childhood was much rougher than most others’. Although Anton Chekhov was forced to endure various hardships through his childhood, he used these experiences as inspiration for his much acclaimed later works. Anton Chekhov was born on January 17th, 1860 in Taganrog, Ukraine. His father was a grocer, and his grandfather was a former serf who paid for his own freedom and for the freedom of his children. (Anton 1) â€Å"Chekhov was well acquainted with the harsh realities of 19th century lower-middle class life.† (Contemporary Authors Online in Anton 1) Anton Chekhov’s father, Pavel was said to have terrorized his sons. In a letter Anton sent to his brother Alexander, Chekhov remarked, â€Å"Despotism and lying mangled our childhood to such a degree that one feels queasy and fearful recalling it.† (Anton 1) Chekhov was said to have gained many of his storytelling skills through his mother, Yevgeniya Chekhov. He also learned how to read and write from his mother. (Anton 1) In grammar school Chekhov wasn’t known for outstanding grades or exemplary writings, but for creating clever anecdotes, nicknames for teachers, and for playing pranks. (Anton 1) In 1875, Pavel Chekhov’s grocery business failed and he left Taganrog to look for work in Moscow. Yevegeniya was left with Anton and his younger siblings in Taganrog. Short after his father left, Anton and his family lost their house. The next year, Yevegeniya left with Anton’s younger siblings to go to Moscow. Although Chekhov was devistated by his father’s leaving, he used these traumatic times to influence his later works. Chekhov’s later works were also provoked by his family’s low economic status and also his grandfather’s serfdom. to These occurrences led Chekhov to write the play Fatherless which he later destroyed. (Anton 1) Later on in Anton Chekhov’s career he wrote the short story â€Å"Late Blooming Flowers†. This pla... Free Essays on Anton Chekhov Free Essays on Anton Chekhov Anton Chekhov’s early life and childhood was much rougher than most others’. Although Anton Chekhov was forced to endure various hardships through his childhood, he used these experiences as inspiration for his much acclaimed later works. Anton Chekhov was born on January 17th, 1860 in Taganrog, Ukraine. His father was a grocer, and his grandfather was a former serf who paid for his own freedom and for the freedom of his children. (Anton 1) â€Å"Chekhov was well acquainted with the harsh realities of 19th century lower-middle class life.† (Contemporary Authors Online in Anton 1) Anton Chekhov’s father, Pavel was said to have terrorized his sons. In a letter Anton sent to his brother Alexander, Chekhov remarked, â€Å"Despotism and lying mangled our childhood to such a degree that one feels queasy and fearful recalling it.† (Anton 1) Chekhov was said to have gained many of his storytelling skills through his mother, Yevgeniya Chekhov. He also learned how to read and write from his mother. (Anton 1) In grammar school Chekhov wasn’t known for outstanding grades or exemplary writings, but for creating clever anecdotes, nicknames for teachers, and for playing pranks. (Anton 1) In 1875, Pavel Chekhov’s grocery business failed and he left Taganrog to look for work in Moscow. Yevegeniya was left with Anton and his younger siblings in Taganrog. Short after his father left, Anton and his family lost their house. The next year, Yevegeniya left with Anton’s younger siblings to go to Moscow. Although Chekhov was devistated by his father’s leaving, he used these traumatic times to influence his later works. Chekhov’s later works were also provoked by his family’s low economic status and also his grandfather’s serfdom. to These occurrences led Chekhov to write the play Fatherless which he later destroyed. (Anton 1) Later on in Anton Chekhov’s career he wrote the short story â€Å"Late Blooming Flowers†. This pla...

Carbon Neutral Alternative Fuels

Carbon Neutral Alternative Fuels Carbon neutral is a term used to describe carbon-based fuels that when burned will not increase carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. These fuels neither contribute to nor reduce the amount of carbon (measured in the release of CO2) into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is plant food, which is a good thing, and it also helps keep our planet warm. However, too much CO2 can lead to what we now call global warming. Carbon neutral fuels can help prevent too much CO2 from accumulating in the atmosphere. It accomplishes this when the released carbon is absorbed by plant crops that will help produce tomorrow’s next gallon of a carbon-neutral fuel. Every time we travel in a gasoline or diesel-powered vehicle, we add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. That’s because burning a petroleum fuel (which were created millions of years ago) releases CO2 into the air. As a nation, 250 million passenger vehicles are currently registered, about 25 percent of all passenger vehicles in the world. In the U.S., our vehicles burn around 140 billion gallons of gasoline and 40 billion gallons of diesel a year. With those numbers it’s not difficult to see that every gallon of a carbon-neutral fuel that is burned can contribute to the reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere, thus helping to reduce global warming. Biofuels Many people believe the future lies with carbon-neutral alternative fuels made from crops and waste products that are known as biofuels. Pure biofuels such as biodiesel, bio-ethanol, and bio-butanol are carbon neutral since plants absorb the C02 released by being burned. Biodiesel The most common carbon neutral fuel is biodiesel. Because it is produced from such organically derived resources as animal fats and vegetable oil it can be used to recycle a wide range of waste material. It’s available in a range of blend percentages- B5, for example, is 5 percent biodiesel and 95 percent diesel, while B100 is all biodiesel- and there are biodiesel filling stations throughout the U.S. Then there’s the small number of drivers who homebrew their own biodiesel and some who convert their diesel engines to run on straight vegetable oil recycled from restaurants. Bioethanol Bioethanol is ethanol (alcohol) that is produced by the fermentation of plant starches such as grains like corn, sugarcane, switchgrass and agricultural waste. Not to be confused with ethanol that is a by-product of a chemical reaction with petroleum, which is not considered renewable. In the U.S. most of the bioethanol comes from farmers who grow corn. Many American passenger cars and light-duty trucks can operate on either gasoline or a bioethanol/gasoline blend called E-85- 85 percent ethanol/15 percent gasoline. While E-85 is not a pure carbon neutral fuel it does produce low emissions. The big downside to ethanol is it is less energy-dense than other fuels, so it reduces fuel economy by 25% to 30%. With gasoline prices hovering around $2 a gallon E-85 is not competitively priced. And good luck finding a gas station that sells it outside the Midwest farming states. Methanol Methanol, like ethanol, is a very strong alcohol made from wheat, corn or sugar in a process similar to brewing, and is considered the most energy-efficient fuel to produce. A liquid at normal temperatures, it has a higher octane rating than gasoline but a lower energy density. Methanol can be mixed with other fuels or used on its own, but it is slightly more corrosive than traditional fuels, requiring engine fuel system modifications on the order of $100-$150. During a brief period of time in the early 2000s, there was a small growing market for methanol cars in California until the state’s Hydrogen Highway Initiative Network took command and the program lost support. Sales of these cars were sluggish due to the low price of gasoline at the time and the lack of service stations that pumped the fuel. However, the short program did prove the reliability of the vehicles and garnered positive feedback from drivers. Algae Algae- specifically microalgae- is a source for a carbon-neutral alternative fuel. Since the 1970s federal and state governments along with private investment firms have poured hundreds of millions into algae research as a biofuel with little success to date. Microalgae has the ability to produce lipids, which are known as a potential source for biofuels. These algae can be grown on non-potable water, perhaps even wastewater, in ponds so it is not using arable land or massive amounts of water. While on paper, micro-algae seems like a no-brainer, formidable technical issues have flummoxed researchers and scientists for years. But the algae true believers aren’t giving up, so maybe someday you’ll be pumping an algae-based biofuel into your car’s fuel tank. Diesel Fuel From Water And CO2 No, diesel fuel from water and carbon dioxide is not some Ponzi scheme intended to fleece dim-witted investors. Last year Audi, together with German energy-company Sunfire, announced it was able to synthesize a diesel fuel from water and CO2 that can fuel automobiles. The synthesis creates a liquid known as blue crude and is refined into what Audi is calling e-diesel. Audi claims that e-diesel is sulfur-free, cleaner burning than standard diesel and the process to make it is 70 percent efficient. The first five liters went into the tank of an  Audi A8  3.0 TDI driven by Germany’s Minister of Research. To become a viable carbon-neutral fuel, the next step is to ramp up production. A Complex and Difficult Challenge Our addiction to oil has had dire consequences. It seems that the logical solution would be to develop or discover an alternative carbon-neutral fuel not derived from petroleum. However, finding an alternative that is abundant, renewable, economical to produce and environmentally friendly is a complex and difficult challenge. The good news is, as you read this, scientists are working hard on this difficult challenge. Updated by Larry E. Hall

Accounting for manager Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting for manager - Speech or Presentation Example that, we as a company should have a firm understanding of the cost objects that are prevalent in our current setup, so that we can confidently answer questions asked by the bank’s personnel, and most importantly we need to determine how much capital our expanding operations need. By preparing an internal company budget, we will not only know the underlying cost objects in a process, but also we will know the cost each object is incurring. By knowing these facts we will be in a better position to undertake cost reduction strategies and optimize our capital allocation process. Since these are tough economic times, and we need to be sure that every penny that we are investing in our operations is producing a substantial return, therefore, it is important that we take an initiative to generate an internal company budget. The utility of this internal budget is immense. We can use this internal budget to construct a master budget for the lending bank. In this way, we will be able to send a firm message across to the bank, and show them that we are serious in doing business with them. By presenting them with the nature of our operational costs, we can enchant them with the opportunity to do future business with our company. Most importantly, this effort of ours to compile an internal budget and tailor it for external users has a broader utility that will arise as the company grows. This utility that is being referred to is the need to have well maintained books in order to change the status of the company. Since we are expecting growth in our business operations and scope of our activities, therefore, it is hard to undermine the fact that we will have to go public someday. For this it is important that the company take an initiative to put in place proper systems for tracing costs and allocation of bud get. By installing these systems, we will be in a stronger position to generate true financial statements. And as you must be aware that strong systems of a company play

Recycling in construction site Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Recycling in construction site - Research Paper Example For example, plastic is one material, which is extremely useful. At the same time, it is difficult to dispose plastic properly after the use. Almost the entire industries are producing wastes in one way or another. Construction industry is one of the prominent industries in waste production. Waste management or recycling of waste in construction sites is extremely difficult. Recycling processes are used extensively in construction sites as the waste management mechanism. â€Å"Recycling involves the collection of used and discarded materials processing these materials and making them into new products. It reduces the amount of waste that is thrown into the community dustbins thereby making the environment cleaner and the air fresher†(Recycling and Reuse, n.d.).This paper analyses the waste management or recycling mechanisms in construction sites. Waste generated at a construction site can be recycled in two ways. One option is to separate recyclables by material, such as cardboard, metal, clean wood, etc., into individual bins. Separating recyclables allows you to take advantage of lower dumping fees. The second option is to put recyclable materials into one bin and take it to a recycling facility that specializes in sorting materials (Construction site recycling, 2012, p.2). Separation or segregation of the wastes generated in the construction sites is the key in waste management mechanisms in construction sites. It is not an easy task. Only the skilled workers can segregate usable and unusable wastes. â€Å"Packaging, new material scraps and old materials and debris all constitute potentially recoverable materials. In renovation, appliances, masonry materials, doors and windows are recyclable. 8,000 lbs of waste are typically thrown into the landfill during the construction of a 2,000 square foot home† (Construction Waste Recycling, 2012). A substantial portion of the wastes generated in the construction

Is Animal Testing Really Necessary Essay Example for Free

Is Animal Testing Really Necessary Essay Animal testing is a phrase that most people have heard but are perhaps still unsure of exactly what is involved. Whether it is referred to as animal testing, animal experimentation or animal research, it means the experimentation carried out on animals. Experimental animal testing has been one of the highest debated issues for many years. Animal testing is used for numerous products and applications. Everything from toiletries to medications has likely been tested on animals at some point prior to their distribution (Murnaghan). Animal testing can be conducted anywhere from a university to a military defense establishment, wherever there is a need for testing a product. Products to be tested will range from cosmetics to pesticides and anything in-between. Animal testing has been around for over 500 years, since the early 17th century, though testing for cosmetic purposes did not start until the 1930s. Animal testing has been highly debated for many years for whether it is moral, ethical, humane, right, wrong, just, fair, etcetera. Many people stand against animal testing because they feel that it is unfair treatment to animals since animals do not have a say in the matter. On the other side of the argument, people fight for animal testing because it allows for prescription drugs and medicines to be tested. Both sides have their valid points, animal testing can be seen as cruel, especially when there are alternatives that can be used, but also, even with alternatives, testing on animals is still sometimes necessary in order to get the needed results. In a debate between Laurie Pycroft, one of the founders of Pro-Test, and Helen Marston, head of Humane Research Australia, the two go back and forth about animal testing and its potential alternatives. Pycroft starts out the debate by explaining the complexity of the human body and how no investigative tool can â€Å"fully replicate the intricacy of a living organism† (Pycroft). Marston returns fire by talking about why animals are not good models for human medicine. She makes the point that animals are â€Å"anatomically, genetically, and metabolically† different from humans (Pycroft). Pycroft continues to bring up different examples of how using animals for research has helped make medical advances for humans, while Marston seems to continue to revolve around the same idea of there being alternatives, but she does not really expand on any one topic, just that there are alternatives. Thomas Hartung talks about the alternatives to animal testing. One of the things Hartung mentions is an experiment done in 2006, â€Å"when the TeGenero anti-CD28 antibody, after testing safe at 500-times higher concentrations in monkeys, [it still] led to multiple organ failure within hours in six human volunteers† (Hartung). Thus, providing an argument against animal testing because sometimes, even when animal testing provides positive results, it does not mean that the same result will be present when human trials are done. Many people believe that animal testing is only about testing cosmetics or new drug therapies, however, there are many different uses for animal testing, and Timothy Musch et al discuss some of those uses. â€Å"Animal studies play a part in the initial development of candidate drugs, and the development and testing of medical devices and surgical procedures. Even more crucial, animal research informs clinical research by building the foundation of biological knowledge† (Musch et al). There are so many things that the testing of animals can help to improve. Some things, such as the development of insulin, antibiotics, vaccines, and drugs with high mortality rates, are all because of high contribution from animal testing (Murnaghan). On the flip side though, Alison Abbott points out, â€Å"Every time you reach for an eye drop or reapply a lip salve, you do so confident that the chemicals they contain are safe to use. But the toxicology test on which regulators rely to gather this information are stuck in a time warp, and are largely based on wasteful and often poorly predictive animal experiments† (Abbott). Abbott talks about a legislation called REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals) and how it planned to â€Å"make registration mandatory for both future and existing chemicals – even those that have been on the market for decades† (Abbott). As a result of reach, it was expected that millions more animals would be used in order to meet the necessary requirements. 5,000 animals – that is up to how many test subjects could be used for each chemical; if it is a pesticide that number jumps to 12,000. The estimated cost of running these tests on the unregistered (approximately 30,000) chemicals is between â‚ ¬5 billion (US$6 billion) and â‚ ¬10 billion (US$13 billion) (Abbott). In order to test one single chemical for cancer causing potential, it takes five years, involves 400 rats (each of which is treated with the maximum tolerated dose), and more than 50% of the results are positive, even worse, of that 50%, 90% are false positives (Abbott). In looking more at the argumentative side, there are two general views: in favor of animal testing or against animal testing. Many people lean towards being against animal testing because they feel it is cruel, inhumane, and unfair to the animals. Now on the other hand, a lot of people are in favor of animal testing because it helps to test medicines, medical procedures and other necessities. Animals do not have a voice of their own; they need people to speak for them, to fight for them, and to protect them. Many companies, while attempting to verify their products are safe for humans, will perform various tests on animals. Animals are used for testing a wide variety of chemicals and products such as drugs, vaccines, cosmetics, household cleaners, and pesticides. As written by Delmas Luedke, â€Å"Animals are exposed to too much suffering; especially when there are many alternatives to testing on animals† (Animals and Research). If there are alternatives for research, why test on animals? There are new alternatives being created, such as realistic software models. The first realistic software models of human and animal organs are starting to emerge – potentially replacing some of the 50 to 100 million animals used each year for scientific research† (Biever). With different types of software emerging, it is very possible for other software to be produced in future years and animal tests could be completely replaced. When doing medical, cosmetic, or any other type of re search, animals should not be used or abused because it is cruel and harmful to the animals being used for testing. On the opposing side, some people believe that it is okay to harm animals in order to discover cures and generate medicines, although animal testing can lead to antibiotics, vaccines, and other treatments being produced, there are other ways that those same products could be produced – without harming animals. According to Cynthia Pekow, â€Å"Although polls say that most Americans accept that research animals are needed to advance medical science, many people feel squeamish thinking about animals used in experimentation†(â€Å"Animals in Research†). People do not feel squeamish because their medicines are being tested on animals; they are squeamish because animals are being harmed in the process. While good things have come from testing on animals, it is just not worth the pain and torture that they are put through. One reason why testing on animals should be illegal is because it is a cruel and inhumane way to do research, and it is unfair because animals have no voice of their own. Jackie Powder states that, â€Å"It was a furor over the alleged mistreatment of rabbits by a cosmetics giant that set the stage for the creation of the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing† (Powder). CAAT works with scientists, government regulators, and other advocates to identify alternatives to the use of animals in testing thousands of chemicals. Humans are capable of giving their consent in order to be tested on, while animals are not. Animals have no voice of their own to speak with. They cannot tell anyone when something hurts; they cannot tell anyone when something does not feel right; they cannot tell anyone if they do not want to participate in the testing anymore. A second reason for not testing on animals is because there is no moral reason to test on animals when the results may not even be accurate. There have also been many alternatives that have proven to be more accurate than using animals. â€Å"Using animals is unreliable and inaccurate because of great differences between animals and humans. Non-animal tests take less time to complete, cost only a fraction of what the animal experiments the non-animal tests replace costs, and are not overwhelmed with species diversity that make inferring results difficult or impossible† (Stop the use, ). Virtual models, such as the ones at Insilicomed in Lo Jolla, California, are being created. At Insilicomed they are using a virtual heart to simulate the interaction between the organ and a pacemaker, on behalf of a manufacturer. The device is initially tested in both animals and software to ensure that the models accurately replicating what happens in real life, but subsequent test to refine the properties the pacemaker’s leads are done in software alone† (Biever). With these models being produced, fewer animals will b e used in experiments. Whenever there is a chance to replace animal tests, those chances should be pursued so that fewer animals will be used. On the alternative side of the argument, there are multiple reasons why animal testing is a good thing. For starters, animal testing has helped to create many of the medicines in our world. The kinds of benefits from animal research that researchers have made in understanding and treating diseases would not have been possible without animal research. Many people argue about how it is cruel and inhumane to animals; well would they rather it was humans being tested? Maybe they would like to send their brother or sister in for experimental testing? While animal testing may seem cruel, the hypothetical alternative is even worse. Scientists are attempting to develop worthy alternatives to testing on animals, but some things are not quite as easy to come up with an alternative. Both sides of the argument have very good points, however, despite the fact that it can be seen as cruel and inhumane to the animals (from a person’s perspective), animal testing is, at this point in time, a necessity. There are many drugs and medical procedures that may not be here today if it were not for animal testing. Testing on animals may be inhumane to them, but it is better to be inhumane to an animal than to a human.

OConnors The Lame Shall Enter First :: Lame Shall Enter First Essays

O'Connor's The Lame Shall Enter First "The Lame Shall Enter First" concentrates on the relationship between Sheppard and, on the one hand, his son Norton, and on the other a boy in a reformatory, Johnson. Sheppard's wife is dead and Norton misses his mother. Sheppard can't understand Norton at all and chooses to spend all of his time helping Johnson, who tells him that Satan has him in his power (150). Sheppard of course does not believe in Satan and tries to rationalise the whole situation. He brings Johnson home and Johnson interferes with Norton's mother's belongings which, of course, greatly upsets Norton. Sheppard's reaction to this is that Norton really needs to learn how to share things. Johnson reacts very badly to this and plays Sheppard off against his son. When Sheppard leaves the room after he has told Johnson that he thinks he's good for Norton because Norton needs to share things, Johnson says: "'God kid . . . how do you stand it? . . He thinks he's Jesus Christ!'" (161). As the story proceeds Johnson tries to get Sheppard to see that evil exists and that Satan actually runs the world as he sees it (164). The outcome of the story, as might be expected from the rest of O'Connor's stories, is that Sheppard is unable to use reason to change Johnson. Despite Sheppard's attempts to help Johnson walk better (hence the title "The Lame Shall Enter First") by giving him a wooden leg, Johnson sticks by his notion that what is really wrong with him is evil: Sheppard said . . . "I am going to save you." Johnson thrust his head forward. "Save yourself," he hissed. "Nobody can save me but Jesus." (180) A little later Johnson says to Sheppard: "'The Devil has you in his power'" (185). He then disappears. At the end of the story Johnson is caught by the police in further wrong-doing and Norton commits suicide by hanging himself from the window through which he has been trying to find his mother amongst the stars with a telescope. Towards the end Sheppard realises that he has confused good works with Christian faith. Works won't save you but great faith will: Norton's face rose before him, empty, forlorn, his left eye listing almost imperceptibly toward the outer rim as if it could not bear a full view of grief.

Marketing Mix for Beats by Dr. Dre Essay

MARKETING MIX A. PRODUCT – Dr. Dre Beats is a company that creates high-end quality headphones. It’s products allow listeners a full music experience with the capability of producing the songs as played from professional recording studios. Their target market is: Teens the youth with allowances to spend on the latest gadgets. The Generation Y, the people under this category are those who are all about what’s new, trendy, and value brand names. Tag-line : â€Å"People aren’t hearing all the music† – Dr. Dre – Products are: Headphones Earphones Speakers – Special Products founded in: HTC Phones ( It’s Built-in audio system; Dr. Beats Earphones) HP Laptops ( Audio of PCs and Monitors) Chrysler Cars (Car audio system) -Competitors: Jay-Z in partnership with Skull Candy for RocNation’s Aviator headphones. Ludacris in partnership with Signeo for Soul by Ludacris 50cent in partnership with SMS for SYNC/ SMA Audio 50 B. PRICE – Products ranges from $199 – $699. – It’s top-end pricing are determined from the quality materials used for the finishing product accompanied by a refined packaging. – Beats used a  similar price strategy of APPLE’S with’price skimming’ wherein they set the price of the product high upon entering the market before competitors show up. C. PLACE – They manufacture their products -> send to officially selected distributors per State/Country -> send to official retailers of State/Country. 12 Verified retailers of Dr. Dre Beats in Philippines: Abenson Ambassador Astroplus Automatic Center Cebu Circuit City Digital Hub Gadgets in Style PowerMac Center Saver’s Digital Hub Appliance Depot SM Appliance, Inc. Switch – Products can also be bought from Dr. Dre Beat’s official web-site and web-sites of official retailers. D. PROMOTION – Beats by Dr. Dre has proved their effective promotion by: advertisements in commercials, music videos, and the world wide web media (Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, etc.) endorsements from popular celebrities, iconic musicians, and even athletes. – From their successful promotions Beats are branded not just as quality headphones but also as fashion accessories. E. PEOPLE – The founders: Dr. Dre – renowned modern music artist. Jimmy Lovine- famous producer of artists. Luke Wood- known as a musician, producer, and songwriter. – People behind: Monster Cable Sound Technology- audio company who are known for producing quality but overpriced HDMI cables. Robert Brunner – former design executive for Apple. F. PROCESS What can be found in Beats by Dr. Dre’s official web-site: Customer service/ Contact details. Product Manuals. Safe Buying Guide (to avoid buying of fraud products). Authorized Retailers (to find stores that legally sell legit products). All About the Company and the People behind it. All available products. Policies: Private and Return Policies. Sources: http://ph.beatsbydre.com/support/authorized-retailers,en_PH,pg.html http://business.time.com/2013/01/16/how-dr-dre-made-300-headphones-a-must-have-accessory/ http://ph.beatsbydre.com/on/demandware.store/Sites-beats-Intl-Site/en_PH/Default-Start http://monstercable2011.blogspot.com/

Personal Values and Ethical Standards

Ethical codes determine a person’s outlook on right and wrong. It influences their interactions with people (Williams, 2011). Personal ethics and professional ethics may differ each influences the other, and sway the workplace environment (Williams, 2011). Companies want their corporate traditions to have a sense of ethical responsibility (Williams, 2011). Frequently, professional ethics covers the same principles of personal ethics, for example honesty, and fairness (Williams, 2011). These principles may also extend to company loyalty (Williams, 2011). Responsibilities Personal ethical responsibilities mainly include people closest to you, for example your family, friends or neighbors, requiring family responsibilities before job responsibilities (Williams, 2011). Professional ethical responsibilities are more diverse and wide-ranging for example, not discussing a patient's history, and putting a person's well being first (Williams, 2011). Professional ethics requires reporting any suspicious or harmful activity, for example if a teacher suspects a student is experiencing abuse or neglect (Williams, 2011). Codes for Personal Values As a human service professional, my values, and morals are set high. My peers and clients look up to my decisions. This is why I relate to of the National Association of Social Workers Ethical Codes, which are 1. 01 Commitment to Clients and 1. 02 Self Determination. Code 1. 01 states, a social workers’ main responsibility is promoting the well ­being of clients (NASW, 2008). Code 1. 02 states, social workers are to respect and promote the rights of clients to have self determination by assist clients in efforts to identify and explain goals (NASW, 2008). Ethical Dilemmas Influences Personal ethics mainly depend on a person's life relationships, for example, what he or she learns from their parents, teachers, and religion (Williams, 2011). People are also influenced by the experiences from childhood dilemmas, for example lying, cheating, or violence (Williams, 2011). Professional ethics is founded on the principles of a profession (Williams, 2011). A person may be legally required to obey ethical principles, such as confidentiality, in the case of doctors or lawyers (Williams, 2011). ? ? Practice and Personal If a social worker suspects that a child is abused, it is their professional responsibility to make any determination about the matter for the protection of a child (NASW, 2011). This is an ethical dilemma that I will not have a problem reporting. I know that some people my hesitant because they feel they maybe tearing apart a family, but I know that I will be protecting a life. Child Abuse Each state has child abuse laws that vow the protection for a child who is abused, mistreated, or neglected. Although each state agrees the protection of a child, each state may handle the reports differently, or how the accused will be fined or jailed. For instance, an individual who lives in the state of Mississippi can remain anonymous when reporting a child abuse reports (MDHS, 2011), but in the state of Texas remaining anonymous is not encouraged (Texas Department of Family Services, 2011). Each state has established that an individual under the age of 18 is considered a child. Arizona’s law states that a child does not have to show any signs of injury when reporting a child abuse case, but this could be interpreted for of verbal abuse (About, 2011). In the state of Mississippi verbal abuse is a sign of abuse (MDHS, 2011). When a case is not reported in Texas it is a Class B Misdemeanor with a fine of $2000, and a possibility of 180 days in prison (ATPE, 2010). If a case is not reported in Mississippi, and the person is found guilty the fine is up to $5000, and the jail time could be up to one year (MDHS, 2011). Arizona and Georgia violation of child abuse laws is considered a misdemeanor if there is failure to report indication of child abuse (Child Abuse Law, 2011). The above states each have different aspects of what constitutes abuse, but all compare that any sign of bodily harm is a sign of child use. Practice and Conflict According to Code 1. 01, it is the responsibility of the Social Worker to promote the well being of their clients (NASW, 2011). Certain professions require people to be objective and impartial, which may conflict with a person’s ethics, such as compassion, and willingness. Individuals find separating their personal and professional ethics helps (Williams, 2011). Some opinions are very personal and may need to be set-aside to do my job (Williams, 2011). Handling spousal abuse is an area that will be personal that I may have a hard time separating out my personal and professional views and values. My problem is that you cannot help someone that does not want to be helped. Spouse Abuse Domestic violence and spousal abuse come in different forms. Whether it is physical, mental, or verbal abuse a person can be assaulted, stalked, sexually taken advantage of, or harassed. Each state has standards surrounding domestic violence and spousal abuse. Spousal abuse is a serious crime and needs to be addressed by law enforcement along with the courts, so victims are protected. Procedures help prompt an effective response to any domestic violence case. Chief Law enforcement officers are responsible for procedures used and are responsible to conform to standards (Supreme Court of New Jersey Attorney General of the State of New Jersey, 2008). Comparing New Jersey, Texas, Arizona, and Georgia each seem to have the laws toward domestic violence. One issue that the state of Arizona addresses differently from the other states was that Arizona has many laws to protect the victim’s service providers, such as testimonial privileges, evidentiary privileges, nondisclosure laws, confidentiality of communications. Statutory law, common law, Case Law, Regulation, outlines these. Ethical Standards and General Principles Professional ethics is the center of social work, and profession has an obligation to express basic values, ethical principles, and ethical standards (NASW, 2011). The NASW Code of Ethics has set values, principles, and standards to guide social workers’ manner. The Code is appropriate to all social workers and social work students (NASW, 2011). The use of psychological tests in the courtroom 1. 07 Privacy and Confidentiality j) Social workers are required to protect the confidentiality of clients during legal proceedings to the full extent of the law (NASW, 2011). When a court of law orders social workers to disclose confidential information without a client’s consent the social worker should request that the court maintain the records, so they are unavailable for public inspection (NASW, 2011). Ethical Principle Social workers pursue social change for vulnerable i ndividuals, and are focused on issues of poverty, unemployment, discrimination, and other forms of social injustice (NASW, 2011). Social workers attempt to guarantee access to needed information, services, resources, equality of opportunity, and meaningful participation in decision making for all people (NASW, 2011). The lie detector 1. 16 Termination of Services (b) Social workers need take reasonable steps to avoid abandoning their clients who still need of services (NASW, 2011). Social workers need to assist in making appropriate arrangements for continuation of services (NASW, 2011). Ethical Principle? Social workers are continually attentive their profession’s mission, values, ethical principles, and ethical standards (NASW, 2011). Social workers proceed honestly and responsibly while promoting ethical practices within the organizations they are affiliated (NASW, 2011). Boundaries of competence 1. 04 Competence (a) Social workers provide services and represent themselves as competent within the boundaries of their education, training, license, certification, consultation received, supervised experience, or other relevant professional experience (NASW, 2011). Ethical Principle Social workers elevate service to others above themselves (NASW, 2011). Social workers rely on their knowledge, values, and skills to help others in need; along with addressing social problems (NASW, 2011). Social workers are asked to volunteer their professional skills with no expectation of financial return (NASW, 2011). Integrity Ethical Principle Social workers are continually attentive their profession’s mission, values, ethical principles, and ethical standards (NASW, 2011). Social workers proceed honestly and responsibly while promoting ethical practices within the organizations they are affiliated (NASW, 2011). 1. 6 Conflicts of Interest (a) Social workers need be aware and avoid conflicts of interest that may interfere with the implement of professional judgment and impartial judgment (NASW, 2011). Social workers need to inform clients when a real or potential conflict of interest arises, so the take the logical steps to solve the issue in a manner that makes the clients’ interests first and protects clients’ interests to th e highest extent possible (NASW, 2011). In protecting a clients’ interests may require termination of services with a referral of the client (NASW, 2011). b) Social workers need not to take advantage of a professional relationship to further their personal, religious, political, or business interests (NASW, 2011). Sexual harassment Ethical Principle? Social workers need to treat every person with a caring and respectful attitude, which is mindful of individual differences, cultural, and ethnic diversity (NASW, 2011). Social workers should promote clients’ socially responsible through self determination (NASW, 2011). Social workers may seek to enhance a client’s ability and opportunity to change through addressing their needs (NASW, 2011). . 11 Sexual Harassment Social workers cannot sexually harass clients, which includes sexual advances, sexual solicitation, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal, or physical conduct of a sexual nature (NASW, 2011). Human differences 1. 15 Interruption of Services Social workers need to make a reasonable effort to ensure stability of services in the event that services are interrupted because of unavailability, relocation, illness, disability, or death (NASW, 2011). Ethical Principle Social workers need to understand that relationships among people are an important opportunity for change (NASW, 2011). Social workers who engage people as partners are helping process (NASW, 2011). Social workers who seek to strengthen relationships among people are helping by promote, restore, maintain, and enhance the well ­being of individuals, families, social groups, organizations, and communities (NASW, 2011). The legal definition of insanity Ethical Principle Social workers who continually strive to increase their professional knowledge and skills are applying them in practice by contributing to the knowledge of the profession (NASW, 2011). 1. 14 Clients Who Lack Decision Making Capacity Social workers acting on the behalf of clients, who lack the capacity to make informed decisions, are helping by taking the reasonable steps to protection the interests and rights of those clients (NASW, 2011). Conclusion The ethical decision making process helps in instances which a social worker does not have simple answers available to solve complicated ethical issues (NASW, 2011). Social workers need to take into consideration all the values, principles, and standards relevant to any situation, in which ethical judgment are necessary (NASW, 2011). A social worker’s decisions and actions need to be reliable with the character, and the letter of the Code of Ethics (NASW, 2011). References Arizona Coalition Against Violence. (2003, August). Confidentiality For Domestic Violence Service Providers In Arizona Under Federal And State Law, from http://www. delapointe. net/diannepost/docs/confidentiality_manual. df Association of Texas Professional Educators. (2010). Child Abuse Reporting In Texas, from http://www. atpe. org/protection/YourStudentsAndParents/childabuse. asp Authority of the Supreme Court of New Jersey and the Attorney General of the State of New Jersey. (2008, October). State of New Jersey Domestic Violence Procedures Manual, from http://www. judiciary. state. nj. us/family/dvprcman. pdf Child Abuse Laws. (2011), from http://law. jrank. org/page s/11836/Child-Abuse. html Georgia Department of Human Services. (2011). Child Support Services, from http://ocse. dhr. georgia. gov/portal/site/DHS-OCSE/ Find Law. (2011). Georgia Child Abuse Laws, from http://law. findlaw. com/state-laws/child- abuse/georgia Mandatory Reporting Rules. (2009), from http://www. state. nj. us/ooie/helpful/mandatoryreportingdescript. html Mississippi Department of Human Services. (2011). Division of Family & Children's Services, from http://www. mdhs. state. ms. us/fcs_prot. html National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers, from http://www. ocialworkers. org/pubs/code/code. asp State of Texas Office of Court Administration. (2011, September). The Texas Family Violence Bench Book, from http://www. courts. state. tx. us/pubs/Manuals/judges/DomesticViolenceBenchBook. pdf Williams, E. (2011, January 19). Personal vs. Professional Ethics, from http://www. ehow. com/info_7820090_personal-vs-professional-ethics. html Women's Law. (2011, August 24). Georgia Statutes, from http://www. womenslaw. org/statutes_detail. php? statute_id=1219#statute-top

Personal Essay essays

Personal Essay essays My life has been influenced by many people but the most influential person in my life has to be the rapper, Slug, In atmosphere. He has had a large influence on my thought and my views on this earth. His lyrics have changed my thinking and realization of what life is really about. Slug has many meaningful songs that have made me think a lot about what my life is really about. The song called Vampires taught me about letting things go and not getting hung up on stupid and non-meaningful things. It makes me thing twice Before worrying about irrelevant things in my life that has no large meaning to me and it also helped me find that im not the only person in this world that has problems and that there are other people in this world in the same position that I am, it make me feel comforted and not alone which helps a lot in my confidence. Also, Another song by Slug Called Saves The Day The quote, But Im alive so I should be content, Then tell why the hell my whole world is bent Makes me feel that I should be grateful for what I have and be content with what I am given. With this quote it made me stop and think before I complain about anything that I have and whatever I am given I should be happy with it and take it for granted. It made me also realize that no on e has a terrible life there all good its just some people are more fortunate which we should be happy for but also we should be happy with what god gives us to work with. Slug is a major influence on the thoughts of my life and he has changed me in ways most people couldnt even fathom of doing. Also, Slugs lyrics in many songs have to do with relationships and love, and the wrong and the right of them. In A song Fuck You Lucy He talks about a defective relationship between himself and an ex-girlfriend which shows me that not all relationships are going to be good. I Wanna say fuck you Lucy cause I still lov ...

Analysis of the Film Psycho

The movie Psycho is a story about a woman named Jaine Leigh named Marion Crane. The movie starts with a bedroom scene where Marion starts talking about her future with her lover Sam. After a short encounter with Sam, she returned to work and was exposed to $ 40,000 in cash. With such huge money, Marion ran away with money; this meant that she wanted to run away with Sam and they could start again. Along the way, she stopped at the motel, became the site of her murder, and is about to explore more sites. Alfred Hitchcock writes a journal article on the analysis of movie 'psychology'. This is argued as one of the great pictures as one of the psycho film's attractions. I will explain the specific technique Hitchcock used to give the audience a sense of tension and create a suspense. With low budget, very basic special effects, black and white photography, Alfred Hitchcock 's psychology still overcome pending issues and competed with today' s big hit. For many years many people have begu n to believe that despite myriad scientific research, psychodynamic concepts and treatments are not as effective as other treatments. However, in Shedler (2010), as the misunderstanding of the concept of psychodynamics and the ineffectiveness of treatment was retirement of a graduate medical institution to train non-doctors and non-doctors, mainly due to dislike of mental health professionals I assert that. Take a disqualified position Alfred Hitchcock 's psychology directed movie analysis psychology (1960) is based on Robert Bloch novel of the same name. The film is overseen by Hollywood legend Alfred Hitchcock. The script is written by Joseph Stephano and is based on real crime of serial killer Ed Gein. Movie stars Janet Rey, Anthony Perkins, John Gavin and Vera Meyers. This film has been nominated for four academic awards and is widely recognized as one of Hitchcock's best films. It produced two sequels, Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock. One of the operational themes presented to audie nces at Psycho is the opposite of good and evil. This can be seen in various roles through movies. You can also get an example from a conflict in a role. Some contradictions, how the characters deal with them, and how each other shapes the structure of the movie. The concept of characters that audiences receive depends on various people throughout the film.

The changes in medieval italian society and the papacy Essay

The changes in medieval italian society and the papacy - Essay Example He spent most of his time working the land, and trying to grow enough food to survive another year. Social activities were important also, every citizen in a medieval town were expected to attend fairs in the town square (Life during the Middle Ages). Medieval weddings, also one of the important events, were a whole town activity. Women were largely confined to household tasks such as cooking, baking bread, sewing, weaving, and spinning. But some medieval women held other occupations such as blacksmiths, merchants, and apothecaries (Life during the Middle Ages). Medieval diets lacked vitamins A, C and D and were not high in calories. The only positive part of these diets, were that they were somewhat "heart-smart;" low in fat and high in fiber. But the medieval world was usually a very hungry one. (Life during the Middle Ages). The Catholic Church was the main source of education. Every cathedral and monastery established a school to provide free education to every boy who had the intelligence and the perseverance to follow a demanding course of study. Medieval students often sat together on the floor, scrawling notes from lessons using a bone or ivory stylus on wooden tablets coated with green or black wax (Life during the Middle Ages). ... The political instability brought about by the barbarian invasion, made the Church as the only sought institution that provide good guidance and learning source. During that period, the popes have the two very effective tools to consolidate power in their office: excommunication and interdict. Excommunication was the first weapon. Catholics believe salvation depends on perpetual sacramental observance. Cutting a communicant off from the sacraments means one loses salvation. When the pope excommunicated a believer there was really "no hope" (Church History). The Interdict served as the pope's second weapon. What excommunication was to individuals, the interdict was to an entire nation. A papal interdict would suspend all public worship and withdrew the sacraments. After the interdict went into effect, Citizens usually pressured their rulers to repent or abdicate (Church History). Changes in the Medieval Italian Society and their Causes The Rise of Feudalism. The barbarian invasions of Italy and the rest of Europe left a power vacuum. The power vacuum is then filled by feudalism. In the feudal system, the king awarded land grants or "fiefs" to his most important nobles, his barons, and his bishops, in return for their contribution of soldiers for the king's armies. At the lowest echelon of society were the peasants, also called "serfs" or "villeins." In exchange for living and working on his land, known as the "demesne," the lord offered his peasants protection (What was it really like).Changes in Attitudes Towards Women. During the period, Women were usually treated as property. Passion was considered sinful to 11th and 12th century moralists, but these ideals were slowly being worn away with the rituals

Head Injuries in Sports Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Head Injuries in Sports - Assignment Example What then becomes the main question is to what extent the current environment will attempt to ameliorate the risks that recent studies have indicated. As such, three of the fundamental questions which much be engaged with are concentric upon the following: 1) to what extent has mental health evaluations of current and former players revealed with regards to the health consequences of frequent and prolonged head injuries, 2) to what extent has this level of long-term head injury been discussed and researched within the medical community, 3) what preventative measures, both in the way that the game is played, coached, and recruited can help to ameliorate this risk and are any of these approaches likely to take hold within the current environment that defines today’s sporting environment. Additionally, and most importantly, the research will focus upon the level and extent to which stories pertaining to this topic have been represented and ultimately forgotten within the current news media of the past five years. As a means of informing this particular piece of research, the author has chosen to focus a level of analysis upon the death of Junior Seau; a renowned NFL player whose suicide has long been suspected to be the result of CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encepalopathy). With the death by suicide of a well known footballer, Junior Seau, the attention of the news media and society has shifted towards the role that head injuries sustained in sport have towards the mental health and quality of life that players can expect to experience. Moreover, head injury is not something that is restricted to football, it is exhibited within sports such as boxing, hockey, and soccer on a daily basis (Neselius et al., 2012). Each of these sports, as well as a variety of others that are too numerous to list, create an expectation of contact and a high likelihood that sustained exposure of the

Comparing and Contrasting Two Images Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparing and Contrasting Two Images - Essay Example illions of Americans out of work and created the justification for more government intervention in business and society that continues today through the financial stimulus package. Photographs of desperate people during this terrible period in American business history abound but one of the most famous is that by Dorothea Lange which captured the sheer desperation of a mother who was worrying how to feed all her seven children (although only three were shown in that iconic photograph with the youngest still an infant). It is an unforgettable sad portrait. On the other hand, this photograph will be contrasted with a picture of another mother in a formal (official) historical portrait by an extremely talented female painter by the name of Elisabeth-Louise Vigee-Le Brun who struck up a healthy friendship with her painting subject. It is a curious twist of history that the mother portrayed in this painting happened to be the queen of France named Marie Antoinette who was of Austrian origin but was married off to the French dauphin (heir apparent to the royal throne) at that time to cement the relations between the two countries of France and Austria. The French people soon soured of Marie Antoinette and killed her through the guillotine. These two photographs show how life can be unfair at times which in turn validates the old idiomatic expression of â€Å"thats the way the cookie crumbles.† Discussion – the first photograph is entitled â€Å"Destitute Pea Pickers in California† and it was taken by Dorothea Lange in Nipomo, California at around February or March of 1936. This was around the time when the depression was at its peak (the vicious cycle was at its worst time) and this photograph, alternatively called as â€Å"Migrant Mother† (Lange, 1936) by photograph enthusiasts, is considered as the most iconic of the Depression era. It captured the sheer sense of hopelessness, anxiety, and desperation which many Americans felt at that time but this one photograph

The Main Features Of An Oligopoly

The Main Features Of An Oligopoly This part of the coursework aims to identify and explain the main economic features of an Oligopoly and also the key economic theories which influence the price of a product or service. This part deals with the theoretical aspects of Oligopoly and the later part emphasizes on the practical applications of the theories and oligopoly features. According to Pass et al (2000), Oligopoly, a type of market structure is characterised by a few firms and many buyers, where the bulk of market supply is in the control of relatively few large firms who in turn sell to many small buyers. To describe the degree of oligopoly, concentration ratio is often utilized. Concentration ratio is the measure of the market share of the largest four firms in the industry expressed as a percentage. A low concentration ratio suggests a high level of competition and vice versa for. As there are few players dominating the industry, each player or an oligopolist is said or likely to be aware of others course of actions. The decision taken by one player seems to affect the decision taken by others and strategic planning by the firms needs to take into account the likely response of other participants (Wikipedia, 2010). For example, a proper game of chess depends on how well you read your opponents moves, similarly in oligopoly; strategies are devised ba sed on the moves of competing market firms. The reason for existence oligopoly as stated by Maunder et al (1991) is for the achievement of economies of scale. Firms tend to reduce their average cost of production by increasing their scale of operation and since the small firms have higher average costs, they tend to go out of business or be absorbed by the larger ones. The features of oligopoly are:- Number of Firms:-The very important feature of an oligopoly is the number of firms. Even though there are a large number of firms operating in a particular industry, only a handful of firms hold the major share between them. Interdependence: A very distinctive feature of an oligopoly is interdependence. When a very few large firms operate in a particular industry, their activities or strategy cannot be independent of each other. Unlike monopoly, where the monopolist need not worry about the reaction of its rivals as there are none, an oligopolist takes into consideration the possible reactions of all rival firms. For example, a company considering a price reduction of its products may wish to estimate the chances of price reduction by the rival company and hence starting a price war. Profit Maximization Condition: The firms in an oligopoly generally agree to co-operate and act as one monopolist as it generates high profits (Begg and Ward 2007). This kind of formal collusive agreement is called a cartel. An oligopoly maximises profits where the marginal revenue equals the marginal cost. This is also known as profit maximization condition. Price ELASTIC UNIT ELASTIC P MC, AC PROFIT MAXIMIZING OUTPUT O MR Quantity (Source: Begg and Ward 2007) Perfect Knowledge: Oligopolists are said to have a perfect knowledge about their cost and demand functions but a lesser information about other firms (Wikipedia, 2010). Entry Barrier: One of the main important features of oligopoly also is the entry barrier. There are high entry barriers that restrain a new firm from entering a market. For example, the barriers can be the economies of scale, access to expensive and complex technology, lower costs for an established firm, brand loyalty, patented production process and strategic action by incumbent firms etc. The table below gives the market concentration in different industries. tb_0901 tb_0903 As discussed earlier, the large few firms form a cartel and set a price. Once the members of the cartel agree on the price, they compete against each other using non price competition in order to gain the maximum revenue. There are other various ways in which the firms fix the price. One of them being tacit collusion, where the firms agree on a price set by an established leader. This is also known as dominant firm price leadership as the price setting firm is the dominant firm in the industry. The other way is the barometric firm price leadership, where the price leader is the one whose prices reflect the market conditions in the most stable form (Sloman et al, 2010). To fix prices, the producers must be able to control the market supply. The other forms of price fixing in tacit collusion is average cost pricing, where producers add a certain percentage of profit on top of average costs and price benchmarking, where firms raise the price only up to a benchmark already set. Price fixing is achieved by the competing firms coming together on a platform where they can agree on a common pricing and production strategy thus acting in a manner in which a monopoly operates. This kind of collusion is known as cartelisation. Cartels although banned in many countries, is difficult for the enforcement agencies to gather evidence and penalise the participants. The quantity for the cartel and the individual firm will not be the same as one firm individually will have the scope for further increase in productivity to achieve a situation where the marginal cost equals the marginal revenue. In such cases firms may decide to go ahead with excess supply which can le ad to a price war and inconsistent revenues to the industry. Even without overt collusion firms in an oligopoly are able to reach a point of profit maximisation when they behave in a manner reflected in Nash Equilibrium (Begg and Ward 2007). 2B) Direct to Home (DTH) television industry in India acting as an oligopoly. India has a total television population of about 135 million of which about 108 million have an access to cable and satellite television (Plugged in, 2010). The total DTH sub base at the end of first quarter in the year 2010 was 23 million (Dish TV India Ltd, 2010) which was about just 1 million in the year 2006. Indian DTH industry has seen a flurry of activities in the recent years after a monopolistic reign by Dish TV for a couple of years. It is currently in a state of Oligopoly with the top four operators controlling nearly 80% of the total market. The major players in the market are Dish TV by Zee group, TataSky- a joint venture by Tata and Star TV, Big TV by Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, Digital TV by Bharati Telemedia and SUN Direct from Sun TV. Since there are only 3 major players in the DTH market, Indian DTH industry is an oligopoly. (Indiadth, 2010) The product offering by the rival firms are more or less similar in nature with little or no product differentiation. Amongst all the players, Sun Direct has essentially remained a regional operator who made a late debut in the national scene. The content or the channels are same with all the operators barring few omissions and additions. The DTH industry market share is as follows. BRAND MARKET SHARE Dish TV 30% TataSky 22% Sun Direct 25% Big Tv 13% Airtel 8% D2H 2% (Source: http://www.pluggd.in/dth-industry-in-india-analysis-297/) From the data above we can see that Dish TV, TataSky and Sun Direct together hold the maximum market share with over 75%. (Source: http://www.slideshare.net/) To confirm the oligopoly, we can use the Herfindahl-Hirschman index or the HHI. It measures the size of the firms in relation to the industry and also indicates the amount of competition between them. Mathematically, download (1) (Adapted from Pass et al, 2000) Here Si = market share of firm i in the market and N is the number of firms. Hence H = 302 + 222 + 252 + 132 + 82 + 22 H = 2246. With this value of H we can conclude that this industry is an oligopoly. Although there is no indication of an overt collusion in the industry, a closer look at their price plan (fig 1.1) can lead us to a strategic or tacit understanding between the players. The market is abuzz with marketing drives to garner market share and the customer is currently loaded with freebies like free installation, free channels and the like. Going by the level of investment and infrastructure the operators need to garner as much subscriber base as possible to be in a profitable proposition. They are however aware of the competition and are refraining from a price war. Such behaviour of the operators is characteristic of a non-price competition in Oligopoly. This is due to the interdependency of firms in the oligopoly and the strategic behaviour can also be referred to the Nash Equilibrium (Begg and Ward 2007). (Source: Slideshare.net/researchonIndia) Brand Name PricePlan(inINR)/month Dish TV 135.00 TataSky 150.00 Sun Direct 115.00 Videocon 136.00 Fig: 1.1 (Source: Company websites, 2010) Now as in any oligopoly, it has to be supported by entry barriers, both endogenous and exogenous. The natural barrier of entry in this particular industry is primarily associated with government licensing and also the intensity of capital investment required. Given that all the DTH operators are already established players in related sectors such as telecom, media it gives them a strategic advantage in terms of distribution and content. For any new entrant it could pose as a strategic entry barrier. Indian DTH market has constantly been attracting different players over the years given the increasing number of television subscribers. Although there have been entry barriers, companies like Videocon along with its cutting edge technology entered into the market in the presence of established players. The cutting edge technology proved to be a barrier breaker. Videocon managed to build television sets with set top boxes which helped it develop its own customer base.

Was Napoleon Bonaparte the Saviour or the Destroyer of the Ideals of the French Revolution? :: European Europe History

Was Napoleon Bonaparte the Saviour or the Destroyer of the Ideals of the French Revolution? With all the glory and the splendour that some countries may have experienced, never has history seen how only only one man, Napoleon, brought up his country, France, from its most tormented status, to the very pinnacle of its height in just a few years time. He was a military hero who won splendid land-based battles, which allowed him to dominate most of the European continent. He was a man with ambition, great self-control and calculation, a great strategist, a genius; whatever it was, he was simply the best. But, even though how great this person was, something about how he governed France still floats among people's minds. Did he abuse his power? Did Napoleon defeat the purpose of the ideals of the French Revolution? After all of his success in his military campaigns, did he gratify the people's needs regarding their ideals on the French Revolution? This is one of the many controversies that we have to deal with when studying Napoleon and the French Revolution. In this essay, I w ill discuss my opinion on whether or not was he a destroyer of the ideals of the French Revolution. Certain individuals approved of Napoleon's reign as the saviour of France. He finished and completed the Revolution by fulfilling the ideals the people of France demanded. A person such as one belonging to the bourgeoisie, or even a peasant would be very satisfied with the way Napoleon ruled over the country. He gave them equality, freedom, justice, and many rights. Such things never existed during the reign of the monarchs before Napoleon stepped in. A banker too would be very affirmative on how Napoleon had truly helped France in its economic problems. He made the franc the most stable currency in Europe, and the banker had witnessed that, as probably one of the bankers of the Bank of France. Another type of individual that agrees that Napoleon isn't the destroyer of the ideals of the Revolution would be his soldiers and generals. He had fought alongside with his men in many battles. Through inspiration, he gained their loyalty, to "follow him to the stars" if he asked them to. Suc h inspiration would never be gained if he never respected them, if he never treated them fairly. And then, the "Legion of Honour", which awarded to some certain citizens for their civil and military achievements.

In What Ways Does The Character Of Othello Conform to Literary Tradition Of The Tragic Hero?

Othello is one of Shakespeare's most famous tragedies entwined with death, hate and deceit. It tells the story of a well respected and admired war hero, who gradually through the play falls from grace. We are told how jealousy overcomes him so greatly that he murders his innocent lover, and how the resentful Iago seeks revenge on other characters in the play as he envies their positions of power and authority and uses lies, stealing and even murder to get revenge. Another theme explored in the play is racism. We know Othello has worked hard to overcome racial prejudices in society to reach such a point of great authority and respect, and this makes his story even more tragic because it wasn't as if all that power and status was just given to him. It was his life's work, it meant everything to him and then he lost it all. In literary tradition a tragic hero is a courageous person who has authority and power yet loses it all. The steps a tragic hero makes during his decline are entirely his own. Although influenced by another, the tragic hero always displays free will, and the decisions that lead to his demise are his own, which means that had he of been more careful his death could have been avoided. It was Othello's fault because of his lack of trust in Desdemona, which resulted in the destruction of them both. Tragic heroes do not necessarily need to die; however they do in all the plays written by Shakespeare. If they do live, then they are destined to suffer moral destruction and lose sense of what is right and wrong, blinded by their feelings and the suffering that they have experienced. It is crucial that a tragic hero possesses many good personality traits, even if he is a bad person and has evil intentions such as Macbeth, but they must all have one fatal flaw. Othello had both greatness and weakness. However Othello possessed too much greatness, and was too successful, noble and too proud and couldn't believe that he had ever been wrong. Once he lost his pride and dignity it was all over for him because he had nothing else. Othello is a successful soldier because he has overcome many dangers and is full of awe-inspiring stories of his courage, will- power, bravery and physical strength. He sounds completely dedicated to his work, and nothing seems to distract him from it as he is always completely focused on it. Every conversation he has he refers to it and we don't know that he has any other interests. Even his relationship is dominated by his work. Desdemona is captivated by his heroic stories and is full of admiration towards him; in a sense it is his status and the excitement of his amazing adventures that she has fallen in love with, not Othello himself: ‘She'd come again, and with a greedy ear Devour up my discourse.' Here Othello tells the nobles who have met to discuss battle plans, interrupted by Brabantio accusing Othello of using witchcraft to make Desdemona fall in love with him, that she started to fall in love with him when he told her the stories of the journeys he had made and the battles he had fought in. He describes her fascination with them. The word ‘greedy' suggests she was suffering from a desire to hear more and ‘devour' suggests that she was desperate to take as much of it in as possible. It could be said that the couple were always destined for sadness because they were not truly in love, just with each others' image: ‘She loved me for the dangers I and passed, And I loved her, that she did pity them' Othello is describing how he knew that she loved him for his experiences in life and courageous character, and that he loved her because she admired him so much. This is an example of how Othello is far too proud, as he loved her only because she was so full of praise for him. This makes me think that he won't be a very good husband as he is too self absorbed, and it sounds as if he is far more concerned about himself than with his wife. Maybe winning her heart was just another achievement to him. Iago is overcome with envy when Othello is sent on an urgent military mission in Cyprus and he does not receive the promotion that he was intently waiting for. Instead the position of Lieutenant is given to a young Florentine soldier Cassio. In anger Iago seeks revenge on them both for professional and personal reasons. His revenge on Othello is targeted through his relationship with his wife: he wants to make Othello feel pain and emotional upset, by convincing him that his wife is seeing Cassio behind his back and likes him above Othello, and he believes will achieve this. He knows that Othello is always used to being the one who everyone admires and looks up too and that he always gets what he wants, and always seems to win, whether in work or love. Iago wants him to feel as if there is someone better than him and that he isn't as good as he thinks he is. He plans to poison Othello against his innocent wife and frame Cassio by planting a handkerchief belonging to Desdemona in Cassio's bedchamber. Iago is fraught with jealousy as he feels that he has worked hard to achieve what he wants, putting in time and effort, yet it has been Othello who has been rewarded, through what seems like little effort and pure luck. Iago is an evil force because he is ruthlessly interfering with their relationship, something which has nothing to do with him and it isn't as if that will even make his situation any better or solve anything. It is pure revenge without any regard for their feelings. What is even worse is that during this he is acting as a friend to Othello, and it is far more painful to be struck by a friend than an enemy. Othello believes Iago is someone that he can trust and this is certainly not true. When Othello is told of Desdemona's adultery, he seems instantly convinced that it is true, which shows that he doesn't have much faith in her, or know her very well: ‘This fellows of exceeding honesty,' He seems completely decided about her immediately and believes Iago without question. We know that he does not believe Iago because of insecurity or low self-esteem, so Othello and Desdemona's relationship can never have been very good if he instantly believes Iago's word over her. He suddenly seems completely against her and starts to focus on how maybe people had tried to warn him against her, and the reasons that it wouldn't work out. He talks about both his race and age. Othello copes with this seemingly fatal blow by convincing himself that he hates Desdemona and she is a whore: ‘She's gone: I am abused, and my relief Must be to loathe her.' This puts a great deal of pressure on his pride, but to keep feeling good about himself Othello curses her, in a bid to convince himself that he is better off without her and deal with the situation. This actually shows him to have a very weak character despite his heroic image as he has to convince himself she is so terrible just to make himself feel good. In a way even at this point we could say that he is a tragic hero, as he does have some very apparent faults and we can foresee his demise. He has shown strength in body, but not in mind. Once he has been convinced of Desdemona's guilt, Othello believes that everyone is mocking him and laughing at him behind his back: ‘A fixed figure for the time of scorn'. He thinks that he has been made a fool, by Desdemona who he now sees as calculating and deceptive: ‘Patience, though young and rose lipped cherubin, Ay, there look grim as hell!' Here he is reflecting on the transformation that he feels Desdemona has made, from a pure, innocent heavenly creature of beauty to a fierce, evil, cunning whore. This is a contrast between good and evil, with the images of heaven and hell, which we could compare to the themes of good and evil in the play represented by Desdemona and Iago. The language at this time of the play moves very swiftly from positive to negative, as if we can feel the evil Iago has created gradually spreading everywhere. We can also see in the quote language which is very poetic, and a great use of metaphors such as how he refers to Desdemona as a ‘cherubin' as she seemed so good and innocent. This is unusual for Othello as earlier in the play he scorns his own use of poetic language: ‘I prattle out of fashion†¦' (act2scene1) Here he is referring to his speech to Desdemona after their arrival in Cyprus, and is admitting to himself that he is usually a far more plain speaker without fancy language or poetic phrases. This would suggest that either Desdemona brings out a different more romantic side in him, or that he is playing a role in front of her to convince them both that he is a perfect lover as well as soldier. Now by using this poetic style language, which he scorned before, to convey his anger the audience are struck by the feeling that he has been encompassed by some kind of change, and it signifies the success of Iago's plan. The final scene of Othello is constructed in such a way that speeches of dramatic eloquence are entwined with straightforward dialogue. Othello is now completely convinced that he must kill Desdemona, and he tries to justify himself by saying he is doing it for the good of other men. I think another flaw in Othello's character is that his work, fighting as a hero for his people and killing enemies, is so much a part of even his everyday life, that he has become blinded by jealousy and in a kind of madness is suggesting that killing Desdemona has to be done as part of his duty. What really makes him a tragic hero is that he had led himself to believe that what he is about to do is correct, yet he still loves her and so he is confused. Othello talks about what he is going to do as if it is something that has to be done, as if he is putting an animal out of its misery: ‘It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul:' He thinks that he is sacrificing her to an ideal rather than murdering her in vengeful hatred. A lot of emphasis is now placed on her beauty, especially the whiteness of her skin. Othello tells himself that he has to kill Desdemona, yet he does not want to ruin this beauty: ‘Yet I'll not shed her blood, Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow.' The whiteness of her skin described makes us think about her purity and innocence, and it is another contrast with colour, light things personifying goodness. This makes us think of the good and evil in the play again. He is trying to avoid marking her body as she is so pretty. Maybe he also does not want to damage her body because he is convinced that he is doing a good thing and helping her, and he doesn't think that it needs to be a violent slaughter just a quiet sacrifice. He no longer thinks about his anger, but just wants to do what he considers has to be done. By believing what he is about to do is the right thing Othello is following the typical ‘fall' of a tragic hero, acting on what he believes to be true and thinking that his actions are correct. Again we think of her purity and goodness when he talks about ‘putting out the light' which personifies her as a light in reference to her life. He also refers to her as a rose, which shows that he is keen to compare her to things that appear to be nice, maybe because we know that he stills appreciates her beauty, or maybe because he see's it as a disguise: ‘When I have plucked the rose, I cannot give it vital growth again.' This is a euphemism for death. From the second line we know that Othello realises what he is about to do is irreversible: the words ‘vital growth' mean that once he has plucked the rose (Desdemona) and taken her life, he cannot give it back again. This may show that he has given the murder some thought, but he certainly has not considered it rationally or thought about the consequences of his actions. It think that the way Othello is now using metaphors to describe everything it proves that he is not thinking clearly and that he is caught up in some kind of obsession, quite apart from reality. By never referring to it directly, it makes us think he is not looking at the whole situation in a sensible or wise way. By kissing Desdemona one last time, Othello shows that he is still drawn to her and loves her, yet he doesn't want to believe it. It builds up a lot of tension for the audience because right until the last moment we are still wondering if he will reconsider and change his mind, as it is obvious there is still love there. He wants to remember her the way she was when he was in love with her, charming and beautiful and not betraying or cheating on him. It is obvious that he values perfection, and he would rather her be dead and beautiful than alive and hurting him and causing trouble. During this part of the play Othello has been so taken over by evil that, as an audience, we start to hate him and feel anger at his violence, jealousy and severe misjudgement of his wife. I think also we can recognise a certain naivety within his character, for trusting someone's word enough to kill the person he cares for most in the world. In the final few minutes of the play when Othello is confronted with the reality of what he has done by the other men, he is full of remorse and can see that he has made a terrible mistake. He tries to remind them of the man of greatness that he once was: ‘I have done the state some service and they know't' Here he is remembering how noble he used to be and he is reminding them of what he has done for them all in his heroic past. Maybe he is also trying to reassure himself that he has been a good person in his life before now, and of the good things that he has achieved. He asks the men there to speak of him how he really is, and to talk about his behaviour the way it was: ‘Speak of me as I am: nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice.' He is asking them not to excuse his actions, but not to talk of him brutally either. He wants them to tell the truth as they see or believe it, and to think about his reasons. This shows that he is trying to keep some dignity and that he values honesty in people, which suggests that still he is a good person. He describes himself as a person that does not usually get jealous, but was ‘wrought' with it, and ‘perplexed in the extreme'. Again he uses poetic language to express how he feels: ‘Like the base Indian threw a pearl away'. Here he is using another metaphor, this time to describe how he just threw Desdemona's life away and destroyed her, and how he was unaware of her true value and ignorant about the special person that she was. In the end all tragic heroes come to terms with what they have done, and realise that they have made terrible mistakes and have been acting without reason but on their emotions. Othello then takes the decision to end his own life, as he feels that he has been reduced to nothing and has lost everything he ever worked for. He has completely fallen from grace and meets the stereotyped image of a tragic hero perfectly as he goes from courageous hero to the disgraceful position of a murderer. He talks about himself as two people: ‘Where a malignant and a turbaned Turk, Beat a Venetian and traduced the state' He sees himself as both an honourable soldier and a murderous lover, but he doesn't want to live as what he has been reduced to. He can't live with himself after realising what he has done and the full extent of his actions. He may kill himself because he feels that he deserves it for doing such a think, but I also think that his dignity plays a big part as he wants to retain some of that and his pride. He refers to himself as a ‘Turk' in this passage, which of course his is, but he has always been recognised as part of the Venetian society, and never referred to as that. He is trying to make the point that he is their servant and enemy and will never truly be one of them because of his colour. By this we can tell that he truly has lost all his pride and self assurance, as he never made any statements about this before and always believed in himself and that he could succeed. It has all been the simple emotion of jealousy inside him that has caused the deaths of an innocent woman, a brave and noble man and a passionate love affair. I think that Othello is a true tragic hero because he goes from such a height of greatness to such shame and disgrace. He loses everything. He clearly makes his own decisions, even though he is greatly influenced by Iago. Then at the end of the play he recognises his mistakes and sees his fatal flaw: that he was too trusting of Iago and that jealousy blinded his love, and led him to become what he has. His character has changed – from the beginning of the play, where he is confident, proud and well-respected – to the end when he is remorseful, full of shame and looked down on in disgrace. However he has remained determined all the time to do what he believes, and has always been honest even though people haven't been with him. The play evokes feelings of frustration and sadness: frustration at the ignorance of Othello about the characters around him, and sadness at the cost of his actions, and loss of an innocent life. Othello is completely in the tradition of a literary tragic hero and dies a victim of his own making.